Robots usually struggle with challenging terrains and may need an extensive amount of sensors to navigate through tough environments. GOAT developed by researchers at EPFL’s CREATE Lab can change its shape, letting it drive, roll, and even swim while using less energy.
Unlike most robots, which only calculate the shortest path, GOAT takes into account how and in what shape to move forward. If there’s a stream in its way, it won’t take a long detour; rather, it will just swim across. On hilly terrain, it can roll downhill to save energy and switch back to driving mode when climbing again. This flexibility makes it far more efficient than traditional wheeled or legged robots.
The secret behind GOAT’s adaptability is its simple yet clever design. Its frame consists of two elastic fiberglass rods with four motorized wheels. Inside, the battery, computer, and sensors are kept in a well-protected core. To shift into a ball, the robot tightens special cables, pulling its frame together just like muscles in a body.
GOAT doesn’t rely on complex sensors like cameras or LiDAR. Instead, it uses just a satellite navigation system and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to detect its orientation. Because of its flexible design, it doesn’t need a detailed map of the terrain; it naturally finds the easiest way forward.
Researchers plan to improve its algorithms and scale the design for different tasks, from environmental monitoring to disaster response and even space exploration. With its ability to adapt like living creatures, GOAT could redefine how robots move through challenging environments.
